Pubdate: Wed, 23 Aug 2000
Source: BBC News (UK Web)
Copyright: 2000 BBC
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Author: Jeremy McDermott, in the jungles of Putumayo

ANTI-DRUGS PLAN THREATENS COLOMBIAN PEASANTS

A massive aerial eradication programme is at the centre of a
US-inspired policy to defeat the drugs trade in Colombia.

The illicit business has been funding rebel armies and prolonging the
36-year old civil conflict.

Those who will be on the receiving end of this fumigation process say
that it will cause only more hunger, poverty and war.

Indeed, it may even feed the guerrillas it is designed to attack.  

Manuel Alzate Restrepo, the Mayor of Puerto Asis, one of the largest
towns in Putumayo, calls Plan Colombia 'the Plan against Colombia'.

While President Andres Pastrana of Colombia and US President Bill
Clinton see the plan as a foundation for peace, Mr Resrepeo sees "only
more war and suffering".

Concerns

At a peasant association meeting in Puerto Asis, people are despondent. 

They feel that they are going to be the victims of the new US military 
aid package of $1.3bn, aimed at eliminating the drug crops in Putumayo. 

The region is home to some 60,000 hectares of coca, the raw material 
for cocaine.  

Cecilia Anaya is the president of Puerto Asis' peasant association.  

"We have seen what happened in Puerto Guzman where they did the first 
fumigation tests," she says.  

"There were people who died because of fumigation, who lived mainly by 
growing yucca, plantain and rice."  

"And now there is misery, hunger and displacement. So we are very 
worried."  

Much of the coca grown in Putumayo is grown by peasant farmers with a
few hectares of fields carved from the jungle.

They grow coca as a cash crop alongside pineapples, maize and other
subsistence crops.

However, the chemicals dropped by the US-supplied planes cannot 
distinguish between the different crops.  

This means that the livelihood of peasants - already living well below 
the poverty line - ends up in ruins.  

As well as destroying crops other than coca, Esteban Torres, the local 
schoolteacher says there is evidence that the chemicals dumped on 
Putumayo's fields are damaging the inhabitants.  

"There is no running water in Puerto Guzman," he says.

"And the people drink water from the streams which pass alongside the 
fields, so when the planes fly over spraying these toxic chemicals, 
people are drinking this water or preparing their food with it and 
falling sick."  

Poisoning

His assertion is confirmed by Marta Cecilia Guapacha, the head nurse at 
San Francisco hospital in Puerto Asis.  

She has treated too many patients in the immediate aftermath of crop
spraying to think coincidence is at work.

"We have had cases of poisoning because of the chemicals, lots of skin 
rashes, eye conjunctivitis, children more than any, and breathing 
problems after having inhaled the toxic chemicals," she says.  

The effects of aerial eradication on the environment are also said to 
be frightening.  

After fields have been sprayed, crops cannot be grown there for many
months afterwards.

Peasants, having lost their food crops as well as the coca, cut down 
more jungle to replant.  

'Illicit crops greatest threat'

Colombian Environment Minister Juan Mayr has admitted that there are
serious environmental concerns.

However, he refuses to acknowledge that the US-inspired eradication
programme is responsible.

"The Ministry of Environment has come to see illicit crops as the 
greatest threat to the disappearance of Colombia's biodiversity," he 
says.  

"These crops in the last decade have produced the deforestation of
close to a million hectares."

As well as damage to health and the environment, there is evidence
that the fumigation programme is not really hurting the guerrillas, but
rather providing them with more recruits.

Mr Torres tries to contain his tears as he relates what happened to
Puerto Guzman after the aerial eradication.

"Then the people, the youth, including two ex-students of mine, girls,
left school to join the guerrillas," he says.

"For the young, there is no other alternative, there are no jobs, they
go to the guerrillas." 
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