Pubdate: Mon, 03 Jul 2000
Source: Chicago Tribune (IL)
Copyright: 2000 Chicago Tribune Company
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Author: Tim Johnson - Knight Ridder/Tribune News

U.S. SEEKS SUPPORT TO USE KILLER FUNGUS ON COCA CROP

BOGOTA, Colombia -- On a Hawaiian island, a killer fungus once ravaged a 
field of coca bushes that Coca-Cola hoped would provide flavoring for its 
soft drinks.

The plague in the 1970s ruined Coca-Cola's plan to buy coca outside the 
Andean region, but it excited counterdrug experts in Washington, who later 
spent millions of dollars, some of it secretly, on a multiyear quest for a 
biological weapon to destroy the Andean bushes fueling the cocaine trade.

Now, under prodding from Washington, a United Nations agency wants to test 
the laboratory-grown fungus on a small plot in Colombia, where much of the 
world's coca is grown. The proposal has whipped up a minor tempest. 
Opponents say the fungus might be toxic to farmers and wreak havoc on 
jungles that are treasures of biodiversity. Advocates say the fungus might 
be a "silver bullet" to kill coca plants and leave other plants unaffected.

"Our experts tell us that it is worth trying," said Klaus Nyholm, director 
of the UN Drug Control Program's office in Colombia and Ecuador.

U.S. scientists say they don't know yet whether the fungus would safely 
kill the nearly 300,000 acres of coca grown in Colombia without affecting 
other flora or even human life.

"The tests show so far that it is a reasonably good control agent, but I 
wouldn't extrapolate from that that it will work in Colombia," said Eric 
Rosenquist, a national program leader at the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture's Research Service. "The ecology is different. There are 
competing organisms."

U.S. experts cite compelling reasons to experiment further with the fungus, 
fusarium oxysporum, which is considered a mycoherbicide, a plant pathogen.

For one, they say the fungus can be attached to seeds and dropped from high 
altitude. That beats the current strategy, in which U.S.-financed crop 
dusters buzz illegal coca fields at 150 feet or so--sometimes risking a 
hail of bullets from the ground. Gunmen have hit spray planes 36 times so 
far this year, U.S. officials say. Moreover, planes could fly at night to 
drop the fungus, using sensors to target coca fields.

"It looks incredibly promising," said Richard Baum, a policy analyst at the 
White House Office of National Drug Control Policy. "However, we are 
waiting for the results of tests and will proceed only if the scientists 
working with the government of Colombia tell us that mycoherbicides are safe."

Doubts exist whether a limited test in Colombia will even take place.

While aides to President Andres Pastrana have reportedly expressed a "keen 
interest" to the UN agency to test the fungus, Environment Minister Juan 
Mayr says he is opposed.

"I told them, `Gentlemen, your project is not welcome,'" Mayr said.

The fusarium fungus is among the most common on Earth. Hundreds of strains 
exist, each attacking a specific plant, like tomatoes or corn. Virtually 
all cultivated plants have a fusarium specific to it. 
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MAP posted-by: Keith Brilhart