Pubdate: Sun, 14 Apr 2002
Source: Portsmouth Herald (NH)
Copyright: 2002 Seacoast Newspapers
Contact:  http://www.seacoastonline.com/
Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/1157
Author: Edie Lau, Sacramento Bee
Bookmark: http://www.mapinc.org/find?115 (Cannabis - California)
Bookmark: http://www.mapinc.org/mmj.htm (Cannabis - Medicinal)

THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF CANNABIS SATIVA STUDIED

Robert has taken a lot of prescription drugs over the past 15 years.

One made him vomit without warning. Another tasted like motor oil. One 
drove his cholesterol to heart-attack levels. Still another caused a hot, 
tingling pain in his hands and feet.

Late last month, Robert checked into San Francisco General Hospital to test 
a drug to quiet the nerve pain. This one left him temporarily giggling and 
bewildered.

As someone who's been sick from HIV for most of his adult life, Robert 
found the side effects of this test drug gentle. "It is really mild 
compared to everything else," he said.

Another important difference between the test drug and other medications 
he's taken is that the test drug is illegal: It's marijuana.

Under the circumstances, Robert is breaking ground, not breaking the law. 
He is the first participant in the first study to be encouraged and paid 
for by the state of California on the therapeutic effects of Cannabis 
sativa - better known as pot.

The study, led by Dr. Donald Abrams at the University of California-San 
Francisco, is under the aegis of the Center for Medicinal Cannabis 
Research. Unique in the country, the agency was established by a 1999 state 
law that provides $3 million a year for three years to research marijuana's 
potential as medicine.

Three years earlier, in 1996, voters passed Proposition 215, allowing ill 
people to smoke marijuana under a physician's care. Research supported by 
the center is meant to help guide doctors on the appropriate uses and doses 
for specific ailments. Anecdotes abound on the therapeutic effects of 
cannabis, but most credible studies have been on laboratory animals. 
Further, past research largely focused on marijuana's health consequences, 
not potential benefits.

With California in the vanguard, that's changing. Canada last year 
legalized the use of cannabis as medicine and is funding research on its 
healthful effects. Great Britain is considering allowing medical marijuana 
use, and supporting research. Social acceptance of marijuana as medicine is 
so new and tenuous that people involved in the research are cautious about 
their participation. Robert, for example, asked to withhold his last name 
in print. Apart from the UCSF study, the 39-year-old has a Proposition 215 
permit to smoke marijuana for his nerve pain, which he's done at a cannabis 
club on weekends.

Despite the fact that his smoking is legal, and that he lives in liberal 
San Francisco, Robert said using pot therapeutically is "kind of a closet-y 
thing."

"It's a little tricky," he said, mindful of his Catholic upbringing. "I 
don't even know how I'm going to tell my parents."

Hector Vizoso, a nurse experienced in clinical trials, hesitated before 
accepting a job at UCSF as study coordinator. "Because I'd be dispensing 
marijuana, would I be considered a dealer?" he wondered.

His worries were calmed by Abrams, a 51-year-old physician, and staff 
members at San Francisco General, who knew what a medical cannabis study 
entails.

In 1998, they undertook the first-ever study to be done on the use of 
smoked marijuana in people with HIV. The project followed a tenacious fight 
by Abrams for approval from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, keeper of 
the country's only legal source of research marijuana.

Twice, his study proposals were rejected. On the third attempt, Abrams 
rephrased the research question, playing up the drug's possible faults: 
Might marijuana interfere with the medications used to counteract AIDS?

Abrams won nearly $1 million in funding and a supply of marijuana to answer 
the question.

He found that marijuana didn't worsen AIDS virus levels. In fact, it helped 
patients eat more and gain weight.

Abrams' new, three-year, $956,000 state-funded study focuses on the 
potential of cannabis to relieve AIDS-related peripheral nerve pain -- a 
debilitating pain in hands and feet that may occur as a result of the 
disease itself, or as a side effect of drugs taken for AIDS.

One requirement of study participants is that they be experienced marijuana 
smokers. "We want to know people know how to inhale -- and know ... what 
it's like to be stoned, so they don't freak out and sue us," Abrams said.

The study is starting as a pilot with 16 volunteers, most of whom still are 
being lined up. Each will stay in the hospital for nine days, smoking 
marijuana on seven of those days. Those who stick with the study for the 
full duration -- a commitment of about a month or so per person, including 
keeping a pain diary for a week before and a week after the hospital stay 
- -- are reimbursed $600 apiece.

If all goes well with the pilot, a bigger study involving up to 100 
subjects will follow. That study will use placebos -- marijuana cigarettes 
missing the chief active ingredient, THC -- and be double-blinded, meaning 
neither subjects nor researchers in contact with the subjects will know who 
gets the placebo and who gets the real thing.

Robert was the first subject. He checked into the hospital March 27, 
bringing a stationary bicycle, music, books, props for meditating and a 
cooperative attitude.

With AIDS, Robert has lived a cat's life, dodging death time and again with 
the help of new drugs. But the drugs have caused grief, too. One medicine 
he began in January 2001 triggered the pain in his hands and feet.

His doctor lowered the dose, and Robert's hands settled into a quiet 
numbness, but his feet are still prone to a hot, achy soreness that feels 
like he's walking on bare bones.

Even taking two different painkillers, he rates the pain five or higher on 
a scale of one to 10.

In the hospital, the marijuana knocked it to zero for almost the entire 
time between doses.

To qualify for the study, Robert had to abstain from marijuana for 30 days 
beforehand. Normally, he smokes once a week, which isn't enough to be 
pain-free, but provides some relief.

"There's always a balance between wanting to manage your pain and wanting 
to be lucid, wanting to function," he said.

Smoking three times a day most days in the hospital -- at 8 a.m., 2 p.m. 
and 8 p.m. -- Robert was fuzzy for about 90 minutes after each dose.

"There are times when I feel pretty high, like wooo!" he said, midway 
through his stay. "The morning thing is the hardest. You're just getting 
up, you're already spacey. ...

"So I wake up, and I try to do, like, all my showering, making the bed and 
opening the window because I know after that (cigarette), nothing's going 
to get done."

THC is available in a pill, but it doesn't seem to work as well. Dr. Mark 
Wallace, a pain specialist at UC San Diego who plans to study the 
painkilling effects of smoked marijuana in healthy adults, said inhaled 
cannabis goes right to the bloodstream, almost as directly as an injection.

He said some pharmaceutical companies are trying to develop inhalers to 
deliver marijuana. Robert would just as soon take the drug some other way. 
He found the smoke bothersome.
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MAP posted-by: Alex