Pubdate: Sun, 02 Oct 2005
Source: Charlotte Observer (NC)
Copyright: 2005 The Charlotte Observer
Contact:  http://www.charlotte.com/mld/observer/
Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/78
Author: Kim Housego, Associated Press
Bookmark: http://www.mapinc.org/coke.htm (Cocaine)

COCAINE TAKES ROOT IN PARKS

PUERTO ARTURO, Colombia - Cocaine is killing the great nature parks of 
Colombia.

Government spraying of coca-plant killer is driving growers and traffickers 
out of their usual territory into national parks where spraying is banned. 
Here they are burning thousands of acres of virgin rain forest and 
poisoning rivers with chemicals.

Now the government faces a painful dilemma: to spray weedkiller would be 
devastating, but the impact of coca-growing is increasingly destructive. 
The question is, which is worse?

Colombia is home to about 15 percent of all the world's plant species and 
one of its most diverse arrays of amphibians, mammals and birds.

Dozens of species that populate its jungles and Andes mountains exist 
nowhere else on the planet. One of the richest areas is the Sierra Macarena 
National Park, where monkeys clamber across the jungle canopy and seven 
species of big cats prowl in its shadows.

But Sierra Macarena is threatened by cocaine. A recent flight over part of 
its 1.6 million acres revealed a trail of ugly gashes and charred trunks of 
trees felled by coca planters.

The intruders also have built dozens of makeshift drug labs in the park and 
in the nearby village of Puerto Arturo, bringing in tons of gasoline, 
cement, hydrochloric acid and other toxic chemicals to process the coca 
leaves into cocaine. All of it pollutes the rivers and soil.

So far only a small fraction of Sierra Macarena has been affected, but the 
spread of cocaine operations is alarming.

The amount of acreage under coca cultivation has more than tripled to 9,600 
acres since 2003, according to the Counternarcotics Police. Overall, 28,000 
acres are being cultivated in Colombia's 49 national parks, compared with 
11,000 acres only three years ago. But the destruction is worse than the 
figures would indicate; for every acre of coca planted, an average of 3 
acres are torn down.

"The national parks offer perfect havens for traffickers," police Col. 
Henry Gamboa said as his Black Hawk helicopter swooped over a cocaine lab 
in the Sierra Macarena. "There is virtually nothing we can do about it. Our 
hands are tied."

The coca is planted by peasant farmers who process it into paste and sell 
it to rebels or right-wing paramilitary factions who refine the paste into 
cocaine. Both groups have infiltrated Colombia's national parks.

The government says it is studying whether to lift the ban on spraying. If 
it doesn't, growers are bound to plant more crops in the reserves. But 
Indian tribes and environmental advocates contend spraying would harm the 
animals and their surroundings.

The U.S. has provided billions of dollars over the past five years for 
spraying Colombian drug fields, a move the United Nations says helped 
reduced overall cocaine production in Colombia last year by 13 percent.

Environmentalists insist the solution is for government workers to destroy 
the crops with machetes -- a method that has worked in mountainous areas 
beyond the spray planes' reach.

But the Sierra Macarena and many other national parks are occupied by 
rebels who threaten to kill anyone involved in manual eradication, 
officials say.

Environment Minister Sandra Suarez and other top Colombian officials say 
aerial spraying may be the only option.

National Police Chief Gen. Jorge Daniel Castro, who supports spraying, says 
"We're waiting for the order" to send in the planes.

If that happens, Indian groups, many whose members live in national parks, 
vow to hit the streets in protest.

"Fumigation is not the answer to the drug problem in Colombia," said Nilson 
Zurita of the National Indigenous Organization of Colombia. "It destroys 
the environment and sickens animals and people. Another solution must be 
found."

Drug Dilemma

The background: U.S.-financed herbicide-spraying in Colombia has reduced 
the growth of coca, the plant from which cocaine is extracted.

The problem: Growers and traffickers are moving into the country's prized 
nature reserves, where spraying is banned.

The dilemma: The government is weighing lifting the ban, but some fear 
spraying may be as bad for the environment as the cocaine industry. Indians 
living in national parks have vowed protests.
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MAP posted-by: Jo-D