Pubdate: Mon, 30 May 2005 Source: Cape Argus (South Africa) Copyright: 2005 Cape Argus. Contact: http://capeargus.co.za/ Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/2939 Author: Di Caelers Bookmark: http://www.mapinc.org/meth.htm (Methamphetamine) FLATS TIK MENACE EXPANDS AT WORLD RECORD RATE Tik has taken off faster in some Cape Flats communities than anywhere else in the world. It is responsible for the fastest addiction rates on the Flats, especially in gang-infested communities such as Mitchell's Plain, Hanover Park, Manenberg, Elsies River and Retreat, where it has surpassed Mandrax as the drug of choice. Andreas Pluddemann, senior scientist at the Medical Research Council, says that nowhere else in the world has tik taken off the way it has in these communities. Pluddemann, interviewed in the University of Cape Town's Monday Paper, said tik was potent and easy to make. First made in Japan in 1919, it is still produced legally in the United States in the guise of medication prescribed for weight loss, as a nasal inhalant, and even for narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders. For his doctoral thesis, Pluddemann is designing a study on tik users, documenting the effects of the drug on addicts' mental health and behaviour. Tik, the article says, gives adolescents what they often don't have: confidence, power and heightened sexual levels, the feeling of being on top of the world, especially if that world is ordinarily dominated by gangsterism, unemployment and poverty. Tik mainly affects dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and reward, and is thus highly addictive. It is one of the most psychologically addictive drugs around. "The drug is like a companion telling you that you're good enough, handsome enough, smart enough, banishing all the little insecurities in your subconscious," according to a journalist writing about his experiences with tik in Asia in the Monday Paper. "It's a special problem," Pluddemann is quoted as saying. "Adolescents, the 12-to-19-year-olds, react very severely to tik. The fallout is serious." By over-exciting the central nervous system, it makes users feel paranoid, fearful and anxious, reporting sweats, chills and exhaustion. The effect of tik on the brain can also induce a tremor similar to Parkinson's disease. Users can also become psychotic and delusional. Not least of the fallout, the Monday Paper says, are strokes that can cause memory loss, the former associated with large doses of the drug. Tik is also a sexual stimulant and will certainly intersect with the transmission of HIV through unprotected sex. The longer-term effects through prolonged use, the article says, include weight loss, dental and skin problems, and the potential for heart attacks. - --- MAP posted-by: Richard Lake