Pubdate: Wed, 13 Sep 2006
Source: Reason Online (US Web)
Contact:  http://www.reason.com/
Address: 3415 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 400, Los Angeles, CA 90034-6064
Copyright: 2006 The Reason Foundation
Author: Jacob Sullum
Bookmark: http://www.mapinc.org/heroin.htm (Heroin)
Note: Jacob Sullum is a senior editor at Reason and the author of 
Saying Yes: In Defense of Drug Use.

THE LATEST DOPE

Drug Warriors Are Playing Into The Taliban's Hands

After years of hard work by drug warriors in Afghanistan, the country 
no longer produces 87 percent of the world's illicit opium. Now it 
produces 92 percent, according to the latest suspiciously precise 
estimate from the U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).

On Tuesday, citing ties between opium trafficking and the Taliban 
insurgency, UNODC Executive Director Antonio Maria Costa called upon 
NATO forces in Afghanistan to get more involved in efforts to stamp 
out the opium trade. This is exactly the right strategy to pursue if 
the aim is to alienate the Afghan people, undermine their government, 
and strengthen the insurgency.

The Taliban-opium connection goes back at least a decade. After they 
took control of Afghanistan in 1996, they encouraged opium poppy 
cultivation and took a cut from the trade, using the money to buy 
weapons and put up their buddies in Al Qaeda. In 1999, per the UNODC, 
Afghanistan had a record opium harvest of 4,565 tons.

The following year, the Taliban suddenly announced that growing 
poppies was contrary to Islam. The UNODC says the ban, enforced by 
the threat of summary execution, nearly eliminated cultivation, 
resulting in a 2001 opium harvest of less than 200 tons.

But the Taliban's reading of Islamic law conveniently did not require 
the destruction of opium stockpiles, much of which they controlled. 
The opium ban therefore looked like an attempt to profit from price 
increases while getting credit from the West for a firm anti-drug stance.

In any case, since losing power after the U.S. invasion in 2001, the 
Taliban seem to have forgotten their religious objections to opium, 
production of which hit an all-time high of more than 6,000 tons this 
year, up about 50 percent from 2005. "We are seeing a very strong 
connection between the increase in the [Taliban] insurgency on the 
one hand and the increase in cultivation on the other hand," the 
UNODC's Costa told The New York Times.

What is the nature of this connection? Poppy farmers welcome the 
Taliban because the Taliban offer them "protection." Protection from 
whom? From their own government, which is trying to destroy their 
livelihood under pressure from the U.S. and the U.K.

Afghanistan is one of the world's poorest countries, and the UNODC 
estimates that opium accounted for more than 50 percent of its GDP in 
2005. By his own account, then, Costa is demanding that the Afghan 
government wipe out half of the country's economy, with conspicuous 
assistance from U.S. and British forces. Does that sound like a 
recipe for peace and stability?

It's no mystery why barely subsisting Afghanis choose to grow opium 
poppies instead of legal crops, contrary to the wishes of foreign 
governments. According to the UNODC, a hectare of poppies earned 
farmers some $5,400 last year, about 10 times what they could get by 
growing wheat.

Western governments, the U.S. foremost among them, created this 
incentive by banning opium to begin with, thereby enabling criminals 
(including terrorists) to earn a risk premium. Having artificially 
boosted the price of opium, the U.S. now asks desperately poor Afghan 
peasants to resist this financial attraction for the sake of 
Westerners who fail to resist the pharmacological attraction of heroin.

Even if drug warriors were successful in curbing Afghan opium 
production, an effort Costa says could take 20 years, there are 
plenty of other places to grow poppies. As with coca, the most that 
has been achieved by attempts to eradicate opium has been to move 
production from one country to another, with no lasting effect on drug use.

Meanwhile, a NATO-backed crackdown on opium would drive farmers 
further into the Taliban's arms and jeopardize Afghanistan's future. 
"Counter-insurgency and counter-narcotics efforts must reinforce each 
other," says Costa, "so as to stop the vicious circle of drugs 
funding terrorists and terrorists protecting drug traffickers." 
Prohibition started this vicious circle, and more vigorous 
enforcement will only strengthen it.
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MAP posted-by: Beth Wehrman