Pubdate: Wed, 26 Apr 2006
Source: Victoria Times-Colonist (CN BC)
Copyright: 2006 Times Colonist
Contact:  http://www.canada.com/victoriatimescolonist/
Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/481
Author: Norma Greenaway, CanWest News Service
Bookmark: http://www.mapinc.org/find?143 (Hepatitis)

SUBSTANCE ABUSE COSTS CANADA $40 BILLION ANNUALLY

Booze, Tobacco And Drugs Are Strangling Economy, New Report Suggests

OTTAWA -- The abuse of alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs costs the 
Canadian economy almost $40 billion a year, a whopping tab that boils 
down to $1,276 for every man, woman and child in the country, says a 
new national report.

The study, being released today by the Canadian Centre on Substance 
Abuse, says the cost is up significantly from the last comprehensive 
review in 1996, and should be cause for concern.

"It's a wakeup call for all of us to rethink how it is we should 
address this problem," Michel Perron, the centre's chief executive 
officer, said in an interview.

"While this is an accounting exercise in a sense of quantifying these 
costs, I think we all know that substance abuse really does affect 
every Canadian form to coast to coast to coast."

The report says two legal substances -- tobacco followed by alcohol 
- -- account for 80 per cent of the $39.8-billion toll that substance 
abuse is taking on the economy.

However, the report says a dramatic increase in illegal drug abuse, 
which ranks third, is cause for special concern. It says there was 
more than a doubling of drug-related deaths between 1992 and 2002, 
largely because of drug overdoses and the spread of previously 
unmeasured hepatitis C.

Tobacco accounted for about $17 billion, or 42 per cent of the total 
estimate, alcohol accounted for $14.6 billion, or 36.6 per cent, and 
illegal drugs for about $8.2 billion, or 20.7 per cent.

The report measured the impact of substance abuse on the health-care 
system and the criminal justice system. It also weighed the indirect 
impact on productivity as a result of premature death and ill health.

Using a different breakout, the report traced $24.3 billion to lost 
productivity because of death or illness, $8.8 billion to health-care 
costs, and $5.4 billion to law enforcement costs.

Perron called the direct and indirect costs staggering, and singled 
out the impact on the health-care system in particular.

He said Canadians would probably be surprised to know that 20 per 
cent of all acute-care hospital days are the result of alcohol, 
tobacco and illegal drug use.

"This is an enormous factor which impacts wait times, and which has 
to be reduced to ultimately reduce the strain on our health care 
system," he said.

The centre says the report, based on data from 2002, is a more 
detailed and accurate reading of the costs than the first one it 
produced in 1996.

The 1996 report, based on 1992 data, put the total cost of abuse at 
$18.5 billion a year.

The report says the impact of substance abuse was relatively uniform 
across the country.

The exception was the three northern territories, where the costs are 
higher than in the provinces.

The report did not explain the causes of substance abuse, but its 
authors offered some analysis for the trends. Given Canada's growing 
population, they said, it is not surprising the deaths associated 
with abuse have risen.

They said, however, the rate of deaths from alcohol and illegal drug 
use has outpaced the rate of population growth.

There also has been a shift in the cause of death in the case of 
alcohol abuse. In 1992, the leading cause was vehicle collisions, 
followed by alcoholic liver cirrhosis. In 2002, the order was 
reversed, a development Perron traced to successful campaigns against 
drinking and driving.

The one silver lining in the report is a reduction of 2.2 per cent in 
the number of deaths and illnesses related to tobacco consumption.

The Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, created by the federal 
government in 1988, is a national addictions agency charged with 
providing objective information and advice on how to reduce the 
health, social and economic harm associated with substance abuse and addictions.
- ---
MAP posted-by: Beth Wehrman