Pubdate: Tue, 04 Feb 2014
Source: Denver Post (CO)
Copyright: 2014 The Associated Press
Contact:  http://www.denverpost.com/
Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/122
Author: Sandy Cohen, The Associated Press
Bookmark: http://www.mapinc.org/find?132 (Heroin Overdose)

HOFFMAN AMONG THOUSANDS OF DRUG ADDICTION VICTIMS

Los Angeles (AP) - Philip Seymour Hoffman suffered from a chronic 
medical condition that required ongoing treatment. An admitted drug 
addict who first sought professional help more than two decades ago, 
Hoffman apparently succumbed to his affliction with an overdose 
despite a return to rehab in March 2013.

A father of three with a thriving career, the Oscar winner died 
Sunday with a needle in his arm and baggies of heroin nearby. New 
York City medical examiners were conducting an autopsy on Hoffman's 
body Monday as investigators scrutinize evidence found in his apartment.

His death, which came after a long period of sobriety that ended last 
year, "epitomizes the tragedy of drug addiction in our society," said 
Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

"Here you have an extraordinarily talented actor who had the 
resources, who had been in treatment, who obviously realized the 
problem of drugs and had been able to stay clean," she said, adding 
that Hoffman's case shows how devastating addiction can be.

Success has no more bearing on drug addiction than it does on heart 
failure, doctors say: Both can be fatal without consistent care. And 
while rehab can be part of treatment, it's no antidote.

Amy Winehouse and Cory Monteith had been to rehab before eventually 
dying from overdoses.

"Addiction is a chronic, progressive illness. No one can be cured," 
said Dr. Akikur Reza Mohammad, a psychiatrist and addiction medicine 
specialist. "If someone is suffering from addiction, they cannot 
relax at any time. The brain neurochemistry changes ... so these 
people are prone to relapse."

The younger a person begins using drugs, the more likely they are to 
become addicts, Volkow said. Hoffman wasn't specific about his 
poisons or when he discovered them when he told CBS's "60 Minutes" in 
2006 that he used "anything I could get my hands on" before cleaning 
up with rehab at age 22.

Hoffman said in interviews last year, with his career in full bloom, 
that he sought treatment for heroin addiction after 23 years of sobriety.

Addiction causes chemical changes in the brain that remain long after 
a person stops using the substance, said Volkow, who described the 
condition as "a chronic disease with a very long duration."

Just as someone who hasn't ridden a bike for 20 years will still know 
what to do with a bicycle, an addicted brain exposed to its drug 
after a long period of abstinence will relapse to its old levels.

Studies have replicated this in animals, Volkow said: "Give them a 
tiny amount and they immediately escalate to the same levels of drug 
taking as before"- which is why addiction is considered chronic and 
overdose is common.

Hoffman's "is a story that unfortunately is not infrequent," she 
said, "to have an individual who takes drugs in their 20s and stops 
for 20 years, relapse in their 40s and overdose."

It's not clear what motivated the actor's return to drugs and what, 
if any, ongoing treatment he received after his rehab stint in 2013.

Director Anton Corbijn, who was with Hoffman at the Sundance Film 
Festival last month to promote the film "A Most Wanted Man," said the 
actor "seemed in a good place despite some issues he had to deal 
with." Corbijn did not elaborate.

Hoffman spoke to The Associated Press about the film at the festival, 
where he was dogged by paparazzi but otherwise calm.

The actor, who could transform so convincingly into such varied 
characters on stage and screen, was generally a private person - 
something he said went with the job.

"If they start watching me (in a role) and thinking about the fact 
that I got a divorce or something in my real life, or these things, I 
don't think I'm doing my job," he said in the "60 Minutes" interview. 
"You don't want people to know everything about your personal life, 
or they're gonna project that also on the work you do."

Because addiction has a genetic predisposition, celebrities are as 
likely as anyone else to suffer.

"Addiction does not discriminate, the same way high blood pressure 
and diabetes do not discriminate," Mohammad said, adding that 100 
people die in the U.S. each day from drug overdoses. Those numbers 
are increasingly fueled by prescription painkillers, which tend to be 
opiates, like heroin.
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MAP posted-by: Jay Bergstrom